4)【考点提示】本题考查语言能力和交际能力的区别。语言能力概念由乔姆斯基提出，指一名语言使用者对于语言规则系统的潜在意识，与具体环境中语言的实际使用没有任何关系。交际能力是 Hymes提出的，他认为语言学习者不仅要知道句子在语法上是合格的，而且要知道句子是得体的。 【参考答案】 According to Chomsky, a language user's underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called linguistic competence. A speaker has internalized a set of rules about his language, which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.