【参考答案】 Arbitrariness means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons has used it for a pig. Language is therefore arbitrary. On the other hand, for the same object, different sounds can be used to express the same meaning. For instances, “book /buk/” in English is “书 ” in Chinese, but“本”in Japanese. It can be concluded that, in most cases, meanings and their corresponding sounds are arbitrary.