3)【考点提示】本题考查乔姆斯基提出的语言能力和语言运用的区别。 【解题思路】首先说明语言能力和语言运用的概念，然后再解释语言使用在实际应用中出现的误差，因此需要语言能力制定标准来规范语言使用。二者是语言学中的一对重要区分概念，而乔姆斯基更倾向于语言能力。 【参考答案】 Competence and performance are proposed by Chomsky in his formalist linguistic theories. A language user's underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called linguistic competence. Performance refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations. Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view. (4 points)